Bytom交易说明（UTXO用户自己管理模式）
朋友一起走
post on 2022-11-13 23:52:55
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Github地址：https://github.com/Bytom/bytom
Gitee地址：https://gitee.com/BytomBlockchain/bytom
该部分主要针对用户自己管理私钥和地址，并通过utxo来构建和发送交易。
1.创建私钥和公钥2.根据公钥创建接收对象3.找到可花费的utxo4.通过utxo构造交易5.组合交易的input和output构成交易模板6.对构造的交易进行签名7.提交交易上链
注意事项:
以下步骤以及功能改造仅供参考，具体代码实现需要用户根据实际情况进行调试，具体可以参考单元测试案例代码blockchain/txbuilder/txbuilder_test.go#L255
1.创建私钥和公钥
该部分功能可以参考代码crypto/ed25519/chainkd/util.go#L11，可以通过 NewXKeys(nil) 创建主私钥和主公钥
func NewXKeys(r io.Reader) (xprv XPrv, xpub XPub, err error) {
xprv, err = NewXPrv(r)
if err != nil {
return
}
return xprv, xprv.XPub(), nil
}
2.根据公钥创建接收对象
接收对象包含两种形式：address形式和program形式，两者是一一对应的，任选其一即可。其中创建单签地址参考代码account/accounts.go#L267进行相应改造为：
func (m *Manager) createP2PKH(xpub chainkd.XPub) (*CtrlProgram, error) {
pubKey := xpub.PublicKey()
pubHash := crypto.Ripemd160(pubKey)
// TODO: pass different params due to config
address, err := common.NewAddressWitnessPubKeyHash(pubHash, &consensus.ActiveNetParams)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
control, err := vmutil.P2WPKHProgram([]byte(pubHash))
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return &CtrlProgram{
Address: address.EncodeAddress(),
ControlProgram: control,
}, nil
}
创建多签地址参考代码account/accounts.go#L294进行相应改造为：
func (m *Manager) createP2SH(xpubs []chainkd.XPub) (*CtrlProgram, error) {
derivedPKs := chainkd.XPubKeys(xpubs)
signScript, err := vmutil.P2SPMultiSigProgram(derivedPKs, len(derivedPKs))
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
scriptHash := crypto.Sha256(signScript)
// TODO: pass different params due to config
address, err := common.NewAddressWitnessScriptHash(scriptHash, &consensus.ActiveNetParams)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
control, err := vmutil.P2WSHProgram(scriptHash)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return &CtrlProgram{
Address: address.EncodeAddress(),
ControlProgram: control,
}, nil
}
3.找到可花费的utxo
找到可花费的utxo，其实就是找到接收地址或接收program是你自己的unspend_output。其中utxo的结构为：（参考代码account/reserve.go#L39）
// UTXO describes an individual account utxo.
type UTXO struct {
OutputID bc.Hash
SourceID bc.Hash
// Avoiding AssetAmount here so that new(utxo) doesn't produce an
// AssetAmount with a nil AssetId.
AssetID bc.AssetID
Amount uint64
SourcePos uint64
ControlProgram []byte
AccountID string
Address string
ControlProgramIndex uint64
ValidHeight uint64
Change bool
}
涉及utxo构造交易的相关字段说明如下：
SourceID 前一笔关联交易的mux_id, 根据该ID可以定位到前一笔交易的outputAssetID utxo的资产IDAmount utxo的资产数目SourcePos 该utxo在前一笔交易的output的位置ControlProgram utxo的接收programAddress utxo的接收地址
上述这些utxo的字段信息可以从get-block接口返回结果的transaction中找到，其相关的结构体如下：（参考代码api/block_retrieve.go#L26）
// BlockTx is the tx struct for getBlock func
type BlockTx struct {
ID bc.Hash `json:"id"`
Version uint64 `json:"version"`
Size uint64 `json:"size"`
TimeRange uint64 `json:"time_range"`
Inputs []*query.AnnotatedInput `json:"inputs"`
Outputs []*query.AnnotatedOutput `json:"outputs"`
StatusFail bool `json:"status_fail"`
MuxID bc.Hash `json:"mux_id"`
}
//AnnotatedOutput means an annotated transaction output.
type AnnotatedOutput struct {
Type string `json:"type"`
OutputID bc.Hash `json:"id"`
TransactionID *bc.Hash `json:"transaction_id,omitempty"`
Position int `json:"position"`
AssetID bc.AssetID `json:"asset_id"`
AssetAlias string `json:"asset_alias,omitempty"`
AssetDefinition *json.RawMessage `json:"asset_definition,omitempty"`
Amount uint64 `json:"amount"`
AccountID string `json:"account_id,omitempty"`
AccountAlias string `json:"account_alias,omitempty"`
ControlProgram chainjson.HexBytes `json:"control_program"`
Address string `json:"address,omitempty"`
}
utxo跟get-block返回结果的字段对应关系如下：
`SourceID` - `json:"mux_id"`
`AssetID` - `json:"asset_id"`
`Amount` - `json:"amount"`
`SourcePos` - `json:"position"`
`ControlProgram` - `json:"control_program"`
`Address` - `json:"address,omitempty"`
4.通过utxo构造交易
通过utxo构造交易就是使用spend_account_unspent_output的方式来花费指定的utxo。
第一步，通过utxo构造交易输入TxInput和签名需要的数据信息SigningInstruction，该部分功能可以参考代码account/builder.go#L169进行相应改造为:
// UtxoToInputs convert an utxo to the txinput
func UtxoToInputs(xpubs []chainkd.XPub, u *UTXO) (*types.TxInput, *txbuilder.SigningInstruction, error) {
txInput := types.NewSpendInput(nil, u.SourceID, u.AssetID, u.Amount, u.SourcePos, u.ControlProgram)
sigInst := &txbuilder.SigningInstruction{}
if u.Address == "" {
return txInput, sigInst, nil
}
address, err := common.DecodeAddress(u.Address, &consensus.ActiveNetParams)
if err != nil {
return nil, nil, err
}
switch address.(type) {
case *common.AddressWitnessPubKeyHash:
derivedPK := xpubs[0].PublicKey()
sigInst.WitnessComponents = append(sigInst.WitnessComponents, txbuilder.DataWitness([]byte(derivedPK)))
case *common.AddressWitnessScriptHash:
derivedPKs := chainkd.XPubKeys(xpubs)
script, err := vmutil.P2SPMultiSigProgram(derivedPKs, len(derivedPKs))
if err != nil {
return nil, nil, err
}
sigInst.WitnessComponents = append(sigInst.WitnessComponents, txbuilder.DataWitness(script))
default:
return nil, nil, errors.New("unsupport address type")
}
return txInput, sigInst, nil
}
第二步，通过utxo构造交易输出TxOutput
该部分功能可以参考代码protocol/bc/types/txoutput.go#L20:
// NewTxOutput create a new output struct
func NewTxOutput(assetID bc.AssetID, amount uint64, controlProgram []byte) *TxOutput {
return &TxOutput{
AssetVersion: 1,
OutputCommitment: OutputCommitment{
AssetAmount: bc.AssetAmount{
AssetId: &assetID,
Amount: amount,
},
VMVersion: 1,
ControlProgram: controlProgram,
},
}
}
5.组合交易的input和output构成交易模板
通过上面已经生成的交易信息构造交易txbuilder.Template，该部分功能可以参考blockchain/txbuilder/builder.go#L92进行改造为:
type InputAndSigInst struct {
input *types.TxInput
sigInst *SigningInstruction
}
// Build build transactions with template
func BuildTx(inputs []InputAndSigInst, outputs []*types.TxOutput) (*Template, *types.TxData, error) {
tpl := &Template{}
tx := &types.TxData{}
// Add all the built outputs.
tx.Outputs = append(tx.Outputs, outputs...)
// Add all the built inputs and their corresponding signing instructions.
for _, in := range inputs {
// Empty signature arrays should be serialized as empty arrays, not null.
in.sigInst.Position = uint32(len(inputs))
if in.sigInst.WitnessComponents == nil {
in.sigInst.WitnessComponents = []witnessComponent{}
}
tpl.SigningInstructions = append(tpl.SigningInstructions, in.sigInst)
tx.Inputs = append(tx.Inputs, in.input)
}
tpl.Transaction = types.NewTx(*tx)
return tpl, tx, nil
}
6.对构造的交易进行签名
账户模型是根据密码找到对应的私钥对交易进行签名，这里用户可以直接使用私钥对交易进行签名，可以参考签名代码blockchain/txbuilder/txbuilder.go#L82进行改造为:（以下改造仅支持单签交易，多签交易用户可以参照该示例进行改造）
// Sign will try to sign all the witness
func Sign(tpl *Template, xprv chainkd.XPrv) error {
for i, sigInst := range tpl.SigningInstructions {
h := tpl.Hash(uint32(i)).Byte32()
sig := xprv.Sign(h[:])
rawTxSig := &RawTxSigWitness{
Quorum: 1,
Sigs: []json.HexBytes{sig},
}
sigInst.WitnessComponents = append([]witnessComponent(rawTxSig), sigInst.WitnessComponents...)
}
return materializeWitnesses(tpl)
}
7.提交交易上链
该步骤无需更改任何内容，直接参照wiki中提交交易的APIsubmit-transaction的功能即可
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The opinions expressed are solely those of the author,Does not constitute advice, please treat with caution.
The opinions expressed are solely those of the author,Does not constitute advice, please treat with caution.
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