EOS纯技术上手学习
罗宾虚汉
post on 2022-11-4 20:37:25
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主要内容:
EOS Docker快速部署
EOSC使用
创建钱包
将私钥导入钱包
锁定和解锁钱包
创建账户
内置转账
查询交易历史
测试合约 - currency
调用合约
查询合约
链接特定的节点
链接独立钱包服务
免签名验证
其他RPC调用
EOS Docker快速部署
构建eos镜像
git clone https://github.com/EOSIO/eos.git --recursive
cd eos
cp genesis.json Docker
docker build -t eosio/eos -f Docker/Dockerfile .
启动容器
sudo rm -rf /data/store/eos # options
sudo mkdir -p /data/store/eos
docker-compose -f Docker/docker-compose.yml up
如果 docker-compose 启动有报错, 可能需要给文件存储目录赋予用户读写权限
sudo chown -R SYSTEM_USER /data/store/eos
验证,查询区块链状态信息
curl http://127.0.0.1:8888/v1/chain/get_info
如果想使用多节点环境,可使用yml文件启动
version: "2"
services:
node1:
image: eosio/eos
ports:
- "8888:8888"
- "9876:9876"
volumes:
- ./node1/data:/opt/eos/bin/data-dir
node2:
image: eosio/eos
ports:
- "8889:8889"
- "9877:9877"
volumes:
- ./node2/data:/opt/eos/bin/data-dir
depends_on:
- "node1"
EOSC使用
EOSC是EOS的核心进程EOSD对外暴露的RESTAPI命令行工具。EOSC的使用会利用到一些内置插件,插件在EOSD的配置文件config.ini中进行设置,如与链的交互需要使用’plugin = eos::chain_api_plugin’。为了签署交易并发送到区块链上,需要使用‘plugin = eos::wallet_api_plugin’。为了查询交易和历史记录,需要使用’eos::account_history_api_plugin’ 。
# Plugin(s) to enable, may be specified multiple times
plugin =
eos::producer_plugin
plugin =
eos::chain_api_plugin
plugin =
eos::wallet_api_plugin
plugin =
eos::account_history_api_plugin
启动eosd后,可以使用EOSC查询当前的区块链状态
docker exec docker_node1_1 eosc get info
{
"head_block_num": 23449,
"last_irreversible_block_num": 23432,
"head_block_id": "00005b996cc85962b28537c3d72696a012d1071638f5e4bad1809cf9afc9abb6",
"head_block_time": "2017-09-29T01:53:33",
"head_block_producer": "initi",
"recent_slots": "1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111",
"participation_rate": "1.00000000000000000"
}
创建钱包
任何发送到区块链的交易都需要由所有者持有的私钥进行签名。首先,我们需要一个钱包来储存和管理私钥,使用EOSC命令创建一个钱包。
docker exec docker_node1_1 eosc wallet create
Creating wallet: default
Save password to use in the future to unlock this wallet.
Without password imported keys will not be retrievable.
"PW5JXSxkHqNEwRKCpG2JUTLqkR8SNCBXofkAwaFDLwQkNdqaSXwC8"
命令执行完成,会在eos-walletd中创建一个名为‘default’的钱包,并返回钱包密码。
这时候可以查看钱包列表
docker exec docker_node1_1 eosc wallet list
Wallets:
[
"default *"
]
如果你没有指定钱包名称,默认都操作的是‘default’钱包
将私钥导入钱包
如果你想授权某个钱包可以由某人来管理和控制,需要导入该授权者的私钥。
docker exec docker_node1_1 eosc wallet import 5KQwrPbwdL6PhXujxW37FSSQZ1JiwsST4cqQzDeyXtP79zkvFD3
imported private key for:
EOS6MRyAjQq8ud7hVNYcfnVPJqcVpscN5So8BhtHuGYqET5GDW5CV
导入后,可以查询钱包已经导入的私钥和对应的公钥
docker exec docker_node1_1 eosc wallet keys
[[
"EOS6MRyAjQq8ud7hVNYcfnVPJqcVpscN5So8BhtHuGYqET5GDW5CV",
"5KQwrPbwdL6PhXujxW37FSSQZ1JiwsST4cqQzDeyXtP79zkvFD3"
]
]
锁定和解锁钱包
日常使用,为了保证私钥安全,可临时锁定钱包,锁定后查看钱包列表是不可见的
docker exec docker_node1_1 eosc wallet lock
Locked: 'default'
当想要使用时,可以用创建钱包时生成的密码来解锁钱包
docker exec docker_node1_1 eosc wallet unlock --password PW5KVWrn81Y8PLAb52gr2FyXCanVavcrj9d5TC9C3yKhqq1PJYRPk
Unlocked: 'default'
解锁后,可以在列表重新看到default钱包了
docker exec docker_node1_1 eosc wallet list
Wallets:
[
"default *"
]
创建账户
创建账户需要有两组密钥:owner和active。EOS使用EOSC工具来创建密钥对
1)owner key.
Private key:5JRc8XxvodWey4StZ2zzkUhCQhDaHvGMkABtfHzQR2ie4qaUFJ7
Public key: EOS5mFEdAzxvMkHLQXt2v4naUjnBrPGmzMUCikymqhSR6m7QLGSTB
2)active key
Private key:5KNzFCbToz2a9Hztz9Qen5cyJcM3x5Wpq4GFiTYZgGhzntXdmYo
Public key: EOS5EdsvESpibWLJxupTqod1nswJnbiXQZuUcLiAWEEsqcZskymeB
EOSC不会保存生成的私钥
因为后续测试智能合约需要,我们创建一个名为currency的账号。目前这个版本,所有的账户都需要用已有账户来创建,所以我们用inita账户的owener key和active key来创建currency。 为了使inita获得发送交易的权限,需要先导入inita的私钥到钱包。(参见私钥导入钱包的步骤)
docker exec docker_node1_1 eosc create account inita currency EOS6NpEqWi177VKQkuJQL9V6Y3LqAAp9C2j
执行成功,会输出一串json的交易信息,打印账户创建相关内容
我们可以查询inita可以创建了哪些用户
docker exec docker_node1_1 eosc get servants inita
{
"controlled_accounts": [
"currency"
]
}
内置转账
创建账户之后,可以查看当前账户的状态,可以看到创建的测试账号没有余额,这样不少功能无法测试,我们需要试着给创建账户添加一些余额
docker exec docker_node1_1 eosc get account currency
{
"name": "currency",
"eos_balance": "0.0000 EOS",
"staked_balance": "0.0001 EOS",
"unstaking_balance": "0.0000 EOS",
"last_unstaking_time": "1969-12-31T23:59:59",
"permissions": [{
"name": "active",
"parent": "owner",
"required_auth": {
"threshold": 1,
"keys": [{
"key": "EOS8ff42NMpJUybVj3nwUSnPpc3mMysKxyE4HVJy1E5o3fQv7knWf",
"weight": 1
}
],
"accounts": []
}
},{
"name": "owner",
"parent": "owner",
"required_auth": {
"threshold": 1,
"keys": [{
"key": "EOS5fQ4saiHV426EQ7AKrGoD2AVMBYe77bnGSq42JjXBUfipv7o3E",
"weight": 1
}
],
"accounts": []
}
}
]
}
保存全网余额的创世账号是eos,查询余额状态
docker exec docker_node1_1 eosc get account eos
{
"name": "eos",
"eos_balance": "69000000.0000 EOS",
"staked_balance": "0.0000 EOS",
"unstaking_balance": "0.0000 EOS",
"last_unstaking_time": "1969-12-31T23:59:59",
"permissions": [{
"name": "active",
"parent": "owner",
"required_auth": {
"threshold": 1,
"keys": [],
"accounts": []
}
},{
"name": "owner",
"parent": "owner",
"required_auth": {
"threshold": 1,
"keys": [],
"accounts": []
}
}
]
}
我们可以通过创世块定义的创世账户使用EOSC给当前创建的账户转移余额
docker exec docker_node1_1 eosc transfer inita currency 100000000
{
"transaction_id": "59575b8caf08eac7c00eb7483c048f12d0e7abf1ede839c3b2ed41dc6c5c7c5f",
"processed": {
"refBlockNum": 24199,
"refBlockPrefix": 1485651173,
"expiration": "2017-09-29T02:31:03",
"scope": [
"currency",
"inita"
],
"signatures": [
"1f14229bdd4bfb927021bf96ff0651c8b0fa5666e9f5cf423a0270a1b91f2d2f690b573e179d8475ce2c6b160f5cd5507d58a44f8f6cf536348584efa8dd62ade0"
],
"messages": [{
"code": "eos",
"type": "transfer",
"authorization": [{
"account": "inita",
"permission": "active"
}
],
"data": {
"from": "inita",
"to": "currency",
"amount": 100000000,
"memo": ""
},
"hex_data": "000000000093dd740000001e4d75af4600e1f5050000000000"
}
],
"output": [{
"notify": [{
"name": "currency",
"output": {
"notify": [],
"deferred_transactions": []
}
},{
"name": "inita",
"output": {
"notify": [],
"deferred_transactions": []
}
}
],
"deferred_transactions": []
}
]
}
}
再通过执行get account 命令,验证余额已经成功转移到创建的账户下
查询交易历史
查询交易历史会使用到插件account_history_api_plugin,我们已经在config.ini中定义
docker exec docker_node1_1 eosc get transaction
如果需要查询一个特定账户最近一次的交易记录
docker exec docker_node1_1 eosc get transaction inita
创建智能合约
官方提供了一个示例合约currency,我们依然使用EOSC来创建并部署智能合约,合约代码位置contracts/currency。
1)为合约创建一个所有者账户。前文已经创建了currency账户
2)检查区块链上有无同名合约
docker exec docker_node1_1 eosc get code currency
code hash: 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
3)为了获得部署权限(发送交易请求)需要将currency的active key导入到钱包中
4)部署合约(.wast后缀文件)和他的abi(.abi后缀文件)
docker exec docker_node1_1 eosc set contract currency ../../contracts/currency/currency.wast ../../contracts/currency/currency.abi
Reading WAST...
Assembling WASM...
Publishing contract...
屏幕打印部署成功相关的信息,并查询合约hash
docker exec docker_node1_1 eosc get code currency
code hash: c4023f74b3c7a3321d1641e4111b13584078fa7265c6ab12e1c19ff7ee800faf
调用合约
在合约部署到区块链上之后,所有的currency余额会分配给我们创建的currency账户。我们可以调用合约测试做一些转账交易。
为了更好了解区块链合约的调用方式,我们可以通过.abi查看可以执行的操作列表和消息结构。
docker exec docker_node1_1 eosc get code -a currency.abi currency
code hash: c4023f74b3c7a3321d1641e4111b13584078fa7265c6ab12e1c19ff7ee800faf
saving abi to currency.abi
cat currency.abi #查看
{
"types": [{
"newTypeName": "AccountName",
"type": "Name"
}
],
"structs": [{
"name": "transfer",
"base": "",
"fields": {
"from": "AccountName",
"to": "AccountName",
"amount": "UInt64"
}
},{
"name": "account",
"base": "",
"fields": {
"account": "Name",
"balance": "UInt64"
}
}
],
"actions": [{
"action": "transfer",
"type": "transfer"
}
],
"tables": [{
"table": "account",
"type": "account",
"indextype": "i64",
"keynames" : ["account"],
"keytypes" : ["Name"]
}
]
}
通过上面的abi我们可以看到currency合约可以执行transfer操作,消息格式为from,to和amount。我们调用合约从currency账户转移50个余额到inita账户
docker exec docker_node1_1 eosc push message currency transfer '{"from":"currency","to":"inita","amount":50}' --scop
执行完成,我们查询余额验证结果
docker exec docker_node1_1 eosc get table inita currency account
{
"rows": [{
"account": "account",
"balance": 50
}
],
"more": false
}
docker exec docker_node1_1 eosc get table currency currency account
{
"rows": [{
"account": "account",
"balance": 999999950
}
],
"more": false
}
余额不足的账户尝试转账,会提示失败
docker exec docker_node1_1 eosc push message currency transfer '{"from":"tester","to":"inita","amount":50}'-S inita -S tester -p tester@active
3543610ms thread-0 main.cpp:271 operator() ] Converting argument to binary...
3543615ms thread-0 main.cpp:311 main ] Failed with error: 10 assert_exception: Assert Exception
status_code == 200: Error : 10 assert_exception: Assert Exception
test: assertion failed: integer underflow subtracting token balance
{"s":"integer underflow subtracting token balance","ptr":176} thread-1 wasm_interface.cpp:248 assertnonei32i32 [...snipped...]
查询合约
如上文验证步骤,在调用完合约后,可以通过查询表来验证每个帐户持有的余额。
docker exec docker_node1_1 eosc get table currency currency account
连接特定节点
默认情况下,EOSC连接本地端口8888的节点。可以通过指定主机地址和端口来连接其他EOSD节点。同样的,钱包服务也可以指定特定的主机地址和端口。
docker exec docker_node1_1 eosc --host --port
链接独立钱包服务
除了使用EOSD内置的钱包服务,也可以独立部署钱包服务
docker exec docker_node1_1 eos-walletd --http-server-endpoint host:port
调用独立钱包服务需要添加如下选项
docker exec docker_node1_1 eosc --wallet-host --wallet-port
免签名验证
开发者如果需要快速测试功能,可以跳过节点签名的步骤,这样可以解耦密码学的问题而关注应用功能
启动时使用特定参数
eosd --skip-transaction-signatures
EOSC调用时添加-s 选项
docker exec docker_node1_1 eosc -s
其他RPC调用
EOSD RPC 包含通过HTTP RPC与eosd和注册其上的插件进行调用的方式.
1)区块链API 配置
想要查询eosd信息需要启用plugin = eos::chain_api_plugin插件并添加至config.ini中
2)get_info接口用于查询区块链的基础信息
curl http://127.0.0.1:8888/v1/chain/get_info
返回结果如下:
{"head_block_num":25028,"last_irreversible_block_num":25014,"head_block_id":"000061c443dd3e85932c442a8e5176b7ac822a0f6d09d034298f508e71c5ae6c","head_block_time":"2017-09-29T03:12:30","head_block_producer":"initm","recent_slots":"1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111","participation_rate":"1.00000000000000000"}
get_block接口用于查询区块相关信息
curl http://localhost:8888/v1/chain/get_block -X POST -d '{"block_num_or_id":5}'
curl http://localhost:8888/v1/chain/get_block -X POST -d '{"block_num_or_id":0000000445a9f27898383fd7de32835d5d6a978cc14ce40d9f327b5329de796b}'
返回结果如下:
{"previous":"000000047aba47492d2143beebfdfba171192970a0f9248f0408a8614ff42dca","timestamp":"2017-09-28T06:21:21","transaction_merkle_root":"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000","producer":"initf","producer_changes":[],"producer_signature":"1f25a5b592b7f605ffdbd1cba90497e94b3e1c0e5805b70851de6875e0f33e20dd1f363cd1fcfd2dc8421fb918d694d260e255956cc7f8f554fa0be01d805a84ed","cycles":[],"id":"00000005bf39fd177fc2ea8ba6540d5f31e8b07218f054016123a34b16d0b30e","block_num":5,"refBlockPrefix":2347418239}
4)push_transaction接口,调用合约交易
该调用为JSON格式并会将结果更新到区块链上
执行正确的结果返回
返回 HTTP 200 和交易ID号
{
'transaction_id' : "..."
}
执行错误的结果返回,一般为400错误(参数错误)或者500错误
HTTP/1.1 500 Internal Server Error
Content-Length: 1466
...error message..
push_transaction 调用方法
curl http://localhost:8888/v1/chain/push_transaction -X POST -d '{"refBlockNum":"5","refBlockPrefix":"27728114","expiration":"2017-07-18T22:28:49","scope":["initb","initc"],"messages":[{"code":"currency","type":"transfer","recipients":["initb","initc"],"authorization":[{"account":"initb","permission":"active"}],"data":"c9252a0000000000050f14dc29000000d00700000000000008454f530000000000"}],"signatures":[],"authorizations":[]}'
此示例模拟一个转账交易。 refBlockNum和refBlockPrefix使用的前例block查询的结果
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The opinions expressed are solely those of the author,Does not constitute advice, please treat with caution.
The opinions expressed are solely those of the author,Does not constitute advice, please treat with caution.
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